Prevention

Is there any way to prevent viral hepatitis?
A: Viral hepatitis prevention, due to the different means of transmission and have no vaccine vary.
Infection of infectious diseases, clinical can be classified as "oral" and "non-oral sex", that is, microbial infection, as we eat food, after into the body, that is, oral sex; or mouth outside it, such as micro-organisms through the skin, mucous membrane, such as: blood transfusion, injections, surgery, tattoos, eyebrow tattoos, sexual contact, such as entering the body, that is, non-oral sex.

How to can prevent hepatitis A and E?
A: In front have already mentioned, A and hepatitis E infection is oral infection, is the real start with the mouth. Therefore, A and E hepatitis prevention methods, measures, with the prevention of oral infection of other diseases, such as food poisoning, exactly the same. Therefore, in order to prevent hepatitis A and E infections, the most important thing is that everyone is familiar with the improvement of sanitation, and pay attention to personal hygiene. Thus, an individual, diet materials, food and a clean hands are the most important. Not raw food, not to drink unboiled water, especially to remote areas or poor sanitation more carefully. Now have on the hepatitis A vaccine, so you can check the blood did not have hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV), and if not, can accept hepatitis A vaccination.


A vaccine against hepatitis are not can be a lifetime will not be infected with hepatitis A?
Answer: no clear answer. Ever since the hepatitis A vaccine has only gone through five or six years, but also continue to be observed, but at least seven or eight years there is no question the future may need to make additional vaccine.


How to can to prevent hepatitis B?
Answer:

(1) to reduce mother-to-child infection

1) to increase the baby's preventive measures. All newborns should receive hepatitis B vaccination.

2) to prevent transmission within the family, carriers should avoid kissing the baby, but can not chew food to feed the baby.

(2) reduce the level of infection

1) Stick gum, acupuncture needles, surgery, such as appliances, medical equipment, high-pressure steam sterilization should be used. The use of sterile disposable plastic, disposable.
2) to avoid unnecessary injections, acupuncture, eyebrow tattoos, tattoos.
3) Avoid unnecessary blood transfusion.
4) do not have someone else's toothbrush, razor, so as to avoid scratch the skin or mucous membrane has been infected.
5) to prohibit the carrier to donate blood to others.
6) health care personnel should wear examination gloves, work wear clothing, and beware of needles stabbed himself, the skin has scratch tape should be affixed to the protection of the wound. The most important thing is to make sure that they have no surface antibody, if necessary, should be vaccinated first hepatitis B vaccine.

Hepatitis B should begin prevention?
Answer: It should be about to begin in infancy and Prevention, adults should always pay attention to prevention.


Hepatitis B patient's family to how to do prevention?
A: First of all, to the hospital for blood tests of hepatitis B virus markers, as long as the surface has surface antigen or antibodies exist, all without fear of being infected. If it is not infected with hepatitis B, the best injection of hepatitis B vaccine, to avoid being infected.


General surgery, dentistry, obstetrics and equipment used to how to disinfect is the security?
A: The only fresh water was used to clean are unable to kill the virus should be used following the method of disinfection.


(1) thermal disinfection
1) to 100 degrees Celsius for more than 15 minutes to boil.
2) using high-pressure steam pot at a temperature of 120 degrees, in 15 pounds per square inch steam sterilization under pressure for 15 minutes.
3) do the 120 degrees Celsius hot sterilized for two hours.
(2) drug disinfection
1) Sodium Hypochlorite (Sodium hypochloride) 0.5 to 1.0% solution, sterilized for 30 minutes, but this agent has corrosive to metal.
2) 40% formalin (Formalin) solution, disinfected within 12 hours or 20% formalin dissolved in 70% alcohol solution, sterilized 18 hours.
3) 2% formaldehyde basification E N (alkalinized glutaraldehyde) solution, sterilized for 10 hours.
4) ethylene oxide (Ethylene oxide) gas sterilization.

Played after the vaccine, is not it would not have had hepatitis B? How long will it take to do a blood test?
A: According to the results of the current study, vaccination of the surface of the body automatically generated antibodies, and its concentration in the six years is sufficient to prevent hepatitis B infection. But six years after the surface of the concentration of antibodies in general will gradually reduce, where necessary, an additional vaccine, one month after the injection should be the concentration of antibodies in blood test surface.


Injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin to what use? Can avoid being infected with it for life?
A: The injection of hepatitis B immune globulin may temporarily against the hepatitis B virus infection, but each time only to maintain the effectiveness of injection of 1 ~ 2 months, and no life-long infection-free results.


Mother for the e-antigen carrier, in pregnancy or the production process, Is there any way to avoid transmission of hepatitis B to newborns?
A: Nothing can be in the pregnancy or the production process, an absolute to avoid transmission of hepatitis B to newborns. In fact, during pregnancy, from mother to fetus is very low probability. Production are the best way to birth within 24 hours playing on the facilities of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, later played in accordance with the provisions of facilities of hepatitis B vaccine. So at least make 90% of newborns to avoid being infected.


With the original maternal discharge from hospital, what questions should be noted?
A: The proper handling of blood and genital secretions, and maintain clean hands in order to avoid transmission of hepatitis B virus to the baby and others. Infants and other children have not yet infected should be brought to accept when the hepatitis B vaccine vaccination.


Maternal chronic hepatitis B patients or carriers, their babies how to be able to prevent infection?
A: The chronic carrier mothers, their infants should be 3-5 days after birth, over one month and six months (second dose and third dose intervals for five months) giving a total of three genetically engineered vaccine; If the maternal serum are e-antigen positive, it also required 24 hours of the baby, the immediate injection of hepatitis B immune globulin, so that there are at least 90 percent of newborns will be able to prevent infection. In addition, child feeding, the absolute to avoid chewing food and then fed to young children, or avoid other potentially have the level of the risk of infection.


If the mother has hepatitis B, and its neonatal hepatitis B did not play what vaccines the problem?
A: If the child was born, his mother are e-antigen positive, the child is very likely (90%) became carriers; if mothers are e-antigen negative, then the probability of a child infected with a lower (percentile of ten).


Hepatitis B virus is not a high-pressure steam sterilization can be used entirely to kill time on?
A: The high-pressure steam sterilization method can be used to kill the hepatitis B virus.


Hepatitis B surface antigen positive, e-antigen-negative mothers of infants, if the baby in the hospital interior, and its bottle, boiling pans should not be used separately with other babies?
A: Although the boiling pans can kill viruses, and infant saliva of hepatitis B virus does not exist, but if not handled properly will spread their disease, from the hygiene point of view, every baby should be treated differently in the bottle The best. Bottle if you use high-pressure steam sterilization, and you do not need to be treated separately.


If contaminated hepatitis B virus barbed needles that immediate injection of gamma globulin have effect?
Answer: gamma globulin refers to the general of immunoglobulin, the effects are far less hepatitis B immunoglobulin.


Are not adults can also be injection of hepatitis B vaccine?
Answer: as long as they are not infected with hepatitis B adult, can be injection of hepatitis B vaccine, but at their own expense.


Hepatitis B infection in mothers or pregnant women are not able to fight hepatitis B vaccine?
Answer: B hepatitis vaccine is used for the treatment rather than prevention, there have have been infected with hepatitis B vaccination of people do not have to.


Babies are not necessarily fight hepatitis B vaccine?
Answer: Yes. In particular, maternal themselves or their families are there carriers, be sure to schedule one born on the injection of hepatitis B vaccine to prevent infant infection.


Infants in which case, we must fight hepatitis B immune globulin?
A: If pregnant women are surface antigen and e-antigen positive, or the surface antigen positive and testing methods used RPHA titer higher than 2560 must be born on one injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and then the third birth to five days , over one month, six months were injected with a genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine.


If you do not timely vaccination or immune globulin, the effect will be reduced are not?
Answer: Yes. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin to the baby as soon as possible after the injection, will have a better effect, by not more than 24 hours, otherwise it is impossible to achieve the prevention of infection by hepatitis B virus in the desired effect. Another three genetically engineered vaccine injection should be updated, if not on time injection, the effect of the poor.


Pregnant women, hepatitis B surface antigen negative when in prenatal, newborn are not the fight of hepatitis B vaccine?
Answer: Yes, playing the hepatitis B vaccine can make babies for hepatitis B virus resistance to avoid future infection.


Pregnant women after the inspection in the production of its carrier, the baby will still be able to fight are not the vaccine?
A: If pregnant women after childbirth and found for the e-antigen positive carriers of, the birth is over 24 hours non-free inoculation of neonatal hepatitis B immunoglobulin alone vaccination schedule for its three B genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine.


Fetal infection of hepatitis B virus carriers often, now that has been infected, why infant vaccination would be effective?
A: If it is in the fetal period has been infected, vaccination is also null and void; but the fetal period the rate of infection is very low, about five per cent. A majority of the babies are in production or production with the original by the mother, therefore, required as soon as possible after birth to prevent infection by vaccination. Another vaccine effectiveness in accordance with evaluation results, the surface antigen positive, e-antigen positive mothers also produced by neonatal injection 2, 96% of vaccine will produce antibodies after injection of 3 has a higher percentage of antibodies . And e-antigen positive carrier mothers of newborns, at birth a first injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and then injected three doses of vaccine on time, the immune effect of up to 90% or more.


No blood tests had hepatitis B virus markers, Can hepatitis B vaccine injection?
A: The best first blood tests of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies, both negative re-vaccinated in order to avoid a waste of money and time.


Because their parents are carriers, and the request at their own expense to the vaccination of their children, there is no need to have?
Answer: there is a need, but let their children the best blood tests, to ascertain the infection has not only required vaccination.


Hepatitis B vaccination should be?
Answer: It is now used by hepatitis B vaccines are manufactured by genetic engineering methods, the general play three, the first dose and second dose one month interval, a second dose and third dose intervals for five months.


Hepatitis B vaccine injection what side effects?
A: injection site swelling, fever, local induration, etc. occasionally have signs of inflammation, usually mild and subside within two days after injection, and sometimes have a slight fever, but also more than two days after injection, subsided. In general, few side effects.


Injection of hepatitis B immune globulin has what side effects?
Answer: usually happen only local pain at the injection site, urticaria have occasionally, perivascular edema and other allergic phenomena.


Remember after the first injection of vaccine if there is jaundice, can not continue to injection?
A: After the first dose of vaccination have jaundice If it is found that the symptoms should see a pediatrician examination to find out the cause. Jaundice in the neonatal period happened for many reasons, the most common are the so-called neonatal jaundice (physiologic jaundice), which jaundice had nothing to do with vaccination. Jaundice caused by other reasons, such as mother and child blood group incompatibility, glucose -6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, also has nothing to do with the injection. In general, vaccination with mostly unrelated to the occurrence of jaundice, and common neonatal period after appropriate treatment of jaundice will disappear naturally, so should be able to continue on schedule with the second dose third dose.


After vaccination local reactions happen, it should be how to deal with?
A: partial to cleaning and disinfection can be.


If the fever after vaccination, can give anti-fever medicine?
A: If fever vaccination are caused because when the heat is not too high, there is no need for anti-fever drugs, will naturally be good after two days.


First baby born on a good number of vaccines, it will not have adverse effects?
Answer: no.


Older children fight hepatitis B vaccine should be vaccinated to what place?
A: Elementary grade 1 children (including one year) can receive free vaccination, more than second-grade children can come to have for hepatitis B vaccination of the public and private hospitals, clinics for vaccination at their own expense.


Hepatitis B vaccination vaccine injection on time if we do not have any affected?
A: The injection time for decision was the result of multiple clinical trials to choose the best person to set out, and therefore not vaccinated on time will affect the effectiveness of vaccines.


Can hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines (eg BCG) vaccination at the same time?
Answer: B hepatitis vaccine does not affect the other vaccines, can be vaccinated at the same time, but required separate injection site. However, with the Japanese encephalitis vaccination time, the best one-month interval.


Why is neonatal hepatitis B immunoglobulin (purified high concentrations of fine surface antibody), to be injected 24 hours after birth?
A: maternal for the e-antigen positive carriers, the virus contained in the body more, and therefore production, have more transmission of the virus to newborns may be, so as soon as possible given hepatitis B immunoglobulin protein injection to combat hepatitis B virus, it not to enter the liver, the large population in order to prevent neonatal become carriers. If after 24 hours of birth again, prevention less effective, so the provisions of the injection should not exceed 24 hours after birth.


After vaccination, how long can produce antibodies?
A: After the initial vaccination, the general body in a month can produce some antibodies, but still immune due to personal circumstances vary. Subsequent injection of additional vaccine will enable the same concentration of antibodies in the human body rapidly increased, reaching a concentration of the protective effect.


Can you beat a cold when hepatitis B vaccine?
A: The injection of hepatitis B vaccine from the cold though, but not vaccination is appropriate.


Hepatitis B vaccine should be injected several times until a total effective? If you do not complete the injection, how should I do? Also effective?
A: started to accept genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccination after the same dose every other month, additional time, the following five months after the injection of a complete three times after injection, the estimated vaccine effectiveness of sustainable for at least five years. If you do not complete the vaccination process, while the validity period may be shortened, and the outcome will be poorer than expected. If you do not have surface antibody, and the distance from the previous injection time is too long, you may need to receive a complete vaccination.


Injection of hepatitis B vaccine are not completely prevent infection of hepatitis B?
Answer: In addition to the surface of a small number of people unable to generate antibodies, are avoidable infection to hepatitis B, and its validity period of at least five years.


Would it be possible because injection of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B infection?
Answer: The current hepatitis B vaccines are produced using genetic engineering methods, which contain only the surface antigen, not the whole virus, it is not possible due to the vaccination of hepatitis B infection.


Surface antigen positive pregnant women, e-antigen negative and positive surface antigen, e-antibody positive by the infant vaccine are not different? Why?
A: The vaccination method of the type and the same. However, surface antigen positive, e-antigen positive pregnant women have more of hepatitis B virus, a higher chance of infection, so 24 hours after birth (in pre-vaccination), should be injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin to and has entered the body of hepatitis B virus, so as to effective prevention.


The implementation of hepatitis B vaccination is the main purpose of what?
Answer: In view of China's hepatitis B infection in the number of Trinidad and Tobago, and adults about 15 ~ 20% of the carrier, and China's cirrhosis and liver cancer cases are mostly caused by hepatitis B infection, in order to make the next generation no longer have hepatitis B and cirrhosis and liver cancer, so the implementation of hepatitis B vaccinations.


Injection of hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin should be noted that what matters? Is there any taboos?
Answer:

(1) neonatal injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin taboos have: suffocation, difficulty in breathing, heart function failure, coma, seizures, fever and other serious illnesses are.
(2) infant vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine contraindications:
1) observed 48 hours after birth, we think that the baby looks, visceral function and viability is not normal.
2) premature infants born within one month may not be injected.
3) has asphyxiating, difficulty in breathing, heart function failure, severe jaundice (serum bilirubin greater than 15 mg / ml), coma or seizures and other serious illnesses are.
4) have congenital malformations and serious functional impairment of the viscera.

Are not at present have seen the promotion of hepatitis B vaccination effectiveness?
Answer: Yes, in Taipei city district conducted a survey in August 73 before year-old children about the hepatitis B carrier rate around 10% ten years later in 83, the carrier rate has been reduced to 1%, its effectiveness has been very obvious. In fact, children in Taiwan the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was also promotion of hepatitis B vaccination has significantly reduced.


How to the prevention of B, D and C hepatitis?
Answer: B-type, D type and C type hepatitis non-oral infections of hepatitis, it should be avoided by blood and sexual contact of infection. Such as to avoid unnecessary blood transfusions, the need for blood transfusion should be used when the blood tests; surgery or dental governance should be to have a good medical and health equipment, hospital clinics for treatment; use disposable syringes, do not share toothbrushes, scratch Hu knife, not just tattoos, eyebrow tattoos, acupuncture and to refrain from improper sexual behavior and intravenous drug addiction. In particular, hepatitis B with the original male prostitute should be avoided (because half of prostitutes have been infected with hepatitis D), and so on are all individuals should know to prevent viral infection and measures of common sense.


Now there are not C and D of hepatitis vaccine?
A: There are no C and D of hepatitis vaccines for immunization.