Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver cell damage, hepatitis caused by many reasons, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, such as toxins, which is the most common viral hepatitis.
Viruses are even smaller than bacterial pathogens, and must use electron microscopy to see, you can not use the traditional optical microscope to see. There are many kinds of viruses can cause liver cell damage, but we only give rise to the main symptoms of viral hepatitis patients, in particular, called the "hepatitis virus", and now we already know has hepatitis virus A, B, C, D, E, G six.
u A hepatitis
A hepatitis are transmitted through fecal-oral infection, that is, when to eat or drink by the hepatitis A virus contaminated food or drinking water will be infected with hepatitis A. We often encounter the source of infection are contaminated by fecal water, the poor sanitation in areas such as mainland China and Southeast Asia, such as hepatitis A are endemic area. About three or four decades ago, the Taiwan region due to poor sanitation, so the vast majority of people already infected with the child when the hepatitis A. But the most over the past two decades due to improved sanitation, in Taiwan, Republic of young people born after the seventies the vast majority are not infected with hepatitis A, and now Taiwan's only in some areas due to environmental sanitation and personal hygiene habits had not improved, so the residents of these areas still remain at the previous high rate of infection. Hepatitis A virus is a virus that is not afraid of strong acid, it can be absorbed through the intestinal wall and reach the liver cells, and then brazenly multiply in liver cells reproductive. Most people infected with hepatitis A virus after treatment, the body will produce many antibodies, so that the body has immunity, it would not have cured any sequelae. Acute hepatitis A usually recover, will not become chronic.
u B hepatitis
Taiwan is the world's most prevalent liver disease, mainly as it is Taiwan the prevalence of hepatitis B is very high, about one in five persons in one has in the blood of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) exist, that is, hepatitis B carriers, the hepatitis B carriers will not only transmission of hepatitis B to others, even more terrifying is latent virus in liver cells, may lead to chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and then finally into the liver cancer. Hepatitis B carriers the opportunity to get liver cancer, non-carriers of more than 150 times.
Hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through infected blood, body fluids (saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, etc.) through the skin or mucous membrane to enter the human body, can be divided into the level of mother-to-child vertical transmission and transmission. Vertical transmission refers to mother and child are carriers of the mother in the production of hepatitis B before and after will be transmitted to newborns, the neonatal period which means those who get hepatitis B, it is easy to become in the future of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or cancer. The level of infection with the virus refers to blood or body fluids into the wound and the skin or mucous membrane infection. Hemodialysis (dialysis), tattoos, sharing needles, toothbrushes or razors, etc., are likely to be the level of hepatitis B transmission. Taiwan current hepatitis B carriers, about half are from vertical transmission from mother, and have the other half are coming from the level of infection.
The Taiwan region over the past forty-year-old who has more than 90 percent are infected with hepatitis B, including adults, about 15 ~ 20% (approximately 3,000,000) of people are carriers, but since the Government of the Republic of China七十三年launched a nationwide hepatitis B vaccination policy, the younger generation of the carrier rate has been greatly reduced to only 1.5% only.
Chronic hepatitis B patients with no obvious symptoms of the majority, but even if infected with hepatitis B virus, if it is a healthy carrier, then the liver function tests may be normal. Usually in patients with acute hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis B patients with acute attack are often more obvious symptoms, such as: jaundice, gastrointestinal discomfort, loss of appetite, fatigue, general weakness, nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant pain, brown urine, etc. Sometimes there will be fever, joint pain, rashes and other symptoms. If acute hepatitis B, surface antibody after recovery, the will of life of hepatitis B immunization, will not be infected. Most adults infected with hepatitis B will fully recover without sequelae. But a small number of people become chronic carriers or chronic hepatitis, the development into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Newborns and young children infected with hepatitis B virus, has a lot of people become carriers.
u C-type hepatitis
Hepatitis C liver disease are rampant in the Taiwan region of hepatitis B after the number two killer, because of vertical transmission is very low, therefore the following 2-year-old rarely infected with hepatitis C, and 2-year-old after infection persons increases with age, in the adult population of about 1 ~ 2% are chronic hepatitis C patients.
Hepatitis C infection was mainly due to blood transfusion, but only about half of hepatitis C patients have a history of blood transfusion, but since八十一年In July, the blood donation center in Taiwan to go through the blood of hepatitis C After screening for antibodies to use, so the chance of infection through blood transfusion has been very small. Likely to be infected with other channels including the use of unclean needles, acupuncture, tattoos, and dental equipment and so on. Therefore, in order to prevent hepatitis C infection with hepatitis B is similar to avoid unnecessary injections, blood transfusion, to avoid sharing toothbrushes, razors and so on. However, the role of mother-to-child vertical transmission, unlike hepatitis B so important. The Taiwan region has a number of residents living in the Village of hepatitis C infection rate is much higher than the general population ratio (> 20% than the 1 ~ 2%), these villages is the so-called "C-type hepatitis village." Its mode of transmission may be associated with substandard hygiene related to the injection.
If unfortunately been infected by hepatitis C virus, more than half have the opportunity to become chronic hepatitis, in which some people will be transferred into liver cirrhosis, and finally into the liver, chronic hepatitis C into liver cancer than the risk of hepatitis B higher. . They terrible sequels with hepatitis B is very similar.
u D hepatitis
D hepatitis D are due to infection caused by hepatitis virus. Hepatitis D virus is a virus, it should not stand alone, must be by hepatitis B virus surface antigen as its shell in order to survive, so D must be consistent with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis viruses exist, that is to say Hepatitis B is not a person can not be D hepatitis. Therefore, only acute and chronic hepatitis B patients and carriers may be infected with only hepatitis D. Its main mode of transmission has two: prostitution and intravenous drug addiction.
u E hepatitis
E mode of transmission of hepatitis and hepatitis A similar, but also through contaminated food by droppings and water-borne are usually regional happen, and often have many people at the same time of infection.
Ø Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic hepatitis is a long-term than those who drank alcohol caused liver disease. In Taiwan, B-type hepatitis, C-type hepatitis in patients with chronic hepatitis substantial long-term if they drink alcohol, it will speed up the pace of deterioration of liver disease, so when substantial long-term drinkers, has suddenly emerged jaundice, and vomiting, fever, acute symptoms such as abdominal pain, it should be taken into account whether or not had acute alcoholic hepatitis. On the other hand, when a long-term drinking people, big belly slowly, but the cheeks are thin and so on, may indicate that the person unknowingly, has become an alcoholic cirrhosis. Big belly up because of intra-abdominal accumulation of stagnant water (ascites), which is one of the symptoms of advanced liver cirrhosis. Therefore, alcohol-loving people should not always accept the liver function tests and doctor's examination, so that the treatment of early detection. Also like the chest of a small spider-like vascular红痣and liver enlargement as well as alcoholic cirrhosis, one of the important symptoms, regular drinkers may wish to pay attention to it. In addition, alcoholic liver disease caused by alcohol and the type has nothing to do, only with alcohol (pure alcohol) and drinking during the. In addition, the women drink the same quantity of wine, the easy to cirrhosis than men, so women should be based on the male half of the volume of data.
Ø Drug or toxin-induced hepatitis
Liver drug metabolism are the main organs are the primary detoxification organ, so there are many drugs in the liver through the process of metabolism can cause hepatitis, such as oral anti-fungal drug Lamisil, other common drugs can cause hepatitis, including some anti-tuberculosis drugs, antibiotics, some anti-spasm drugs, the treatment of arrhythmia, such as medicine, there is another very important drug is (Acetaminophen), always referred to the advertisement does not contain aspirin not, no side effects like feeling, in fact there is going to be excessive acute hepatitis, and therefore use of such drugs to be careful. As the toxin can cause hepatitis include carbon tetrachloride, heavy metals and alcohol.
Ø acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis
When the hepatitis C virus enter the body immediately after the cause varying degrees of liver cell injury, at this time is called acute hepatitis, acute hepatitis in the disease after one to two months will be a natural cure. However, if there is no cure of acute hepatitis, resulting in the symptoms of hepatitis, hepatitis marker-positive (B surface antigen of hepatitis was positive), liver function tests or pathology biopsy abnormalities last more than six months, that is called chronic hepatitis, chronic hepatitis also based on the histopathological changes in the different, and is divided into chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis in the symptoms and test results than chronic persistent hepatitis serious and relatively poor prognosis.
Caused by acute hepatitis are the main reasons for including viruses, pharmaceutical as well as the three poisons, which were caused by hepatitis virus, known as acute viral hepatitis, mainly including hepatitis A and hepatitis E of these two, the more there is no after-effects after the comparison. Symptoms of acute viral hepatitis, regardless of which type are all roughly the same, only a slight difference between the severity of it. However, many cases do not have typical symptoms, and only short-term discomfort but may even be without any symptoms. Hepatitis C virus infection has not been before, and easier to suffer from acute viral hepatitis, but when the formation of antibodies in vivo, this liver disease to get cured.
Mainly refers to chronic hepatitis B, C, D-III by the bodily fluids of hepatitis, after infection some patients will become chronic hepatitis, which led to cirrhosis, liver cancer, end-to death, one of the main causes of death for people. Chronic hepatitis patients often do not consciously symptoms, even if there are symptoms, but also the general commonality of symptoms, the more common are general malaise, loss of appetite, vomiting, flu, upper abdominal dull pain and pressure, in addition to itching skin, joint pain, erythema, such as the palm of your hand, so often to do physical examination, blood examination or because of other diseases and to do liver function tests, the only chance was found, or when there are acute attack, because we have the symptoms of acute hepatitis has been found that chronic hepatitis is the acute attack. This time should make a careful identification of acute or chronic, because of acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis in the prognosis and treatment are completely different. Once the evolution of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, have a good chance will continue to evolve as the liver, chronic hepatitis, although not so serious symptoms, but it is a disease that can not be ignored.
Ø fulminant hepatitis
Fulminant hepatitis is one of the most serious acute hepatitis, viral hepatitis are evolved from, in addition, taking a large number of drugs arising from drug-induced hepatitis may also be transformed into fulminant hepatitis. Acute viral hepatitis in general started to change for fulminant hepatitis, the patient's jaundice is suddenly serious, and at the same time the body will have a strong sense of powerlessness and vomiting, not only do not swallow food and the body temperature rapidly increased, patients often incoherent, and finally loss of consciousness was comatose, the sleeping state called "hepatic encephalopathy" or "hepatic coma." If this situation continued for about a week, most of the liver cell damage, resulting in the loss of liver function, then the vast majority of patients died in an instant.
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