Infection and cause

Hepatitis A infection is, how?
Answer: A means of transmission of hepatitis are "oral infection," also called "fecal-oral infection", that is to say when to eat or drink by the hepatitis A virus pollution (the patient's stool) in food or drinking water will be infected with A hepatitis. We often encounter the source of infection are contaminated by fecal water, the poor sanitation in areas such as: Taiwan's remote or mountainous areas, the Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia backward areas such as sanitation are hepatitis A endemic areas.


Why is common to hepatitis A in some areas have regional happen?
Answer: because in some areas at the same time often have a lot of people eat or drink by the same sources of contaminated food or drinking water, which would cause regional happen. Such as hepatitis A cook, there is no way of escape defecation cleaned and soiled utility of the treatment of drinking water or eating food or when it will spread to places in the same meal of many people.


Care for patients with hepatitis A will not infected with hepatitis A?
A: attention should be noted that the general hygiene habits when there is infection. Incidence of hepatitis A patients before and after one week, the virus will be excreted in feces, and therefore deal with the patient's excreta should be wearing gloves, and should also wash their hands afterwards to prevent hepatitis A infection. The daily life of living, if able to maintain good general health habits, such as hand washing, not easy to be infected.


Patients with hepatitis A diet will be infected with hepatitis A?
A: No, because there is no saliva of patients of hepatitis A virus, but the patient's fingers, clothing may contaminate the virus and re-contamination to food, beverages, so better to be especially careful. Hepatitis B This is a concern there would be no.

Couple's sex life would be transmitted hepatitis A?
Answer: usually less, but there will still be kissing sex action, etc., and the patient's clothing, the body may be contaminated to the virus, or better to avoid.


General sexual infectious hepatitis A it?
Answer: less heterosexual sex, but sex between homosexual men is a higher probability of transmission.

Hepatitis B infection is, how?
A: can be divided into vertical transmission and horizontal transmission of two kinds:


(1) vertical transmission:
If pregnant women are hepatitis B carriers and e-antigen is also positive, 90 percent have the opportunity in the production process, will be transmitted hepatitis B to newborns, if the e-antigen are negative when opportunity for small, these cases can now be done by preventive vaccination. In addition, there are a few rare cases are infected through the placenta, and in this case there is no preventive vaccine efficacy.

(2) the level of infection:
a) contact:
Hepatitis B patients with blood and body fluids (saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, etc.) contain a virus, so when other people come into contact with such blood or body fluids from the skin or mucous membrane wounds and invasive infection. Such as sharing toothbrushes, chewing of food to feed their children, etc. there will be infection.
b) blood transfusion infection:
Hepatitis B patients to receive blood or blood products will be infected with the input. Now the medical use of blood or blood products are screened off by the hepatitis B virus to use.
c) acts or medical acupuncture, cuts the time of infection:
Incomplete use of disinfection equipment such as: needles, disposable, surgical instruments, dental instruments to do when medical treatment or to do acupuncture, eyebrow tattoos, tattoo will be infected.

Infants infected with hepatitis B, the main are infected by the father or mother?
A: The chances of infection from mother than from father infection big.


Early pregnancy test, hepatitis B surface antigen positive, but in late pregnancy re-examination, with variable surface antigen-negative, this is why?
A: The first possibility is that the body surface antigen and therefore reduce the concentration of test do not come out, the second possibility is that the original has acute infection and, later tests have recovered from acute hepatitis surface antigen and thus become a negative, but this latter case, the antibodies should be more than three months after the surface will appear. Another possibility is to test errors.


Which age group more vulnerable to infection of hepatitis B?
Answer: the same for each age group will be infected. Only in Taiwan, mostly in the past 15 years of age were infected, not become a carrier is completely cured and will not be infected. At birth, infancy and early childhood infection easily become carriers.


What does "high-risk groups"?
A: Have more people than usual chance of infection of hepatitis B were known as hepatitis B, "high-risk group." Such as engaging in regular contact with the blood of people: the blood bank and hospital laboratory staff, physicians, nurses, male homosexuals, people who receive long-term blood transfusion such as: blood disease patients to receive hemodialysis treatment, intravenous drug addicts with the original mothers of newborns, the immune system of patients have barriers such as high-risk group are people. High-risk groups should not have to check the body surface are antibodies, antibody if there is no surface when there is no surface antigen of hepatitis B should receive vaccination.

Carriers are not will be transmitted to others?
Answer: may be, but the extent of the difference. e-antigen positive carriers of the strong appeal, e-antigen negative and e-antibody positive influence of people is relatively low.


Carriers will be transmitted to the next generation? Will not produce deformed children?
A: Yes. Therefore, this is the Government in administering the causes of neonatal vaccination. But not their mothers are carriers and the production of deformed children.


Surface antigen positive, but e-antigen-negative carrier mothers can breast-feeding? With the original mother, the child also has accepted hepatitis B vaccination if it is possible to breast-feeding?
A: Yes. Breast-feeding does not increase neonatal hepatitis B infection, therefore, do not need their mothers are hepatitis B carriers without breast-feeding. Moreover, newborns have been vaccinated no problem.


Will eating infected with hepatitis B?
A: Food will not be infected with hepatitis B.


Hepatitis B patients on how to go deal with?
A: As a general knowledge of hygiene can be cleaned.


Hepatitis B carriers can be when the chef?
A: Yes.


Infected with hepatitis B, the diet and general life must isolate it?
Answer: no need for isolation. As long as the level of infection to avoid a variety of ways, then in their daily lives is not easy to hepatitis B infection.


If the home of hepatitis B carriers, how to eliminate the fear of family members?
Answer: To enable families to understand the mode of transmission of hepatitis B as long as they pay attention to not using the same toothbrush, razor, and properly deal with menstrual blood and bloodshed can be.


Which carriers will secretion of hepatitis B infection?
A: The carriers of vaginal secretions, saliva and semen have hepatitis B virus, but because of its low concentration does not cause infection in normal, but the virus at high concentrations will cause infection.


The sex life between husband and wife will be transmitted hepatitis B?
A: Yes, but in a normal husband and wife sex life, the mutual transmission of hepatitis B was low. Particularly in Taiwan, now adults as early as in childhood have been mostly infected with hepatitis B, so if it is not chronic carriers that play a protective role in vivo has been the surface of antibodies and will not be infected, so between husband and wife a very small chance of infection. As for the new generation of young people have been received hepatitis B vaccination and antibodies, so it will not be infected in future fewer and fewer carriers, will be less chances of infection. If the husband and wife are one and the other carriers are not antibodies, they should quickly accept hepatitis B vaccination.


Carriers with the opposite sex can kiss and have sex?
A: You can kiss can have sex, because although these acts are possible means of transmission, but the opportunity was small. However, these acts should be avoided have bleeding, such as oral mucosal bleeding caused by and so on, for other reasons please refer to the previous questions answer.


Carriers can marry?
A: Yes. Please also refer to previous questions answer.


Hepatitis B will be caused due to over-exertion?
Answer: no. No hepatitis B virus infection is not caused by hepatitis B.


The resistance of the body are not poor are more prone to infection of hepatitis B?
A: Yes, is not to be infected with hepatitis B, mainly related to infection, while the strength and physical resistance is not directly related to, but less than the resistance of the body more resistant to those difficult to generate antibodies, it has become easier with the possibility of the original.


Blood will be infected with hepatitis B?
A: The blood used needles, appliances are new unused and discarded after use, so blood will not be infected with hepatitis B.


Can hepatitis B blood to someone else?
A: No.. Because of hepatitis B patients or carriers have the blood of hepatitis B virus, blood will be transmission of the virus to others.


Hepatitis B patients or carriers should not have no restriction on the holders of certain jobs?
Answer: B hepatitis patients or carriers can not donate blood for others, therefore they can not make "career donors", the work can engage in any other.


Hepatitis C infection is, how?
Answer: C hepatitis infection are mainly through blood and body fluids (semen, vaginal secretions) and infection.


Hepatitis C through blood transfusion and infection will it?
A: Yes. Previous transfusion hepatitis C are the main infection routes, called "post-transfusion hepatitis C." However, since 81 In July, the blood donation center in Taiwan to go through the blood of hepatitis C antibody screening before blood transfusion used in, so the opportunity has since happened is quite small. Although the opportunity is very small, unnecessary blood transfusion is to avoid the surface as far as possible.


Some people never lost blood will be hepatitis C it?
Answer: yes. This case is called "sporadic hepatitis C" and its mode of transmission of hepatitis B transmitted the same way. In fact, C hepatitis cases, half are infected do not know how to come.


Hepatitis C patients will be able to donate blood right?
A: No..


Between husband and wife normal sex life and whether it will spread hepatitis C it?
A: General and speak little, but not absolutely not. Heterosexual transmission of sexual partners the more chance for a long time to increase.


Hepatitis C also have vertical transmission?
Answer: very little, but still need attention. In Taiwan the following year-old young people get hepatitis C ratio is very low, this can have to know very little vertical infection.


Food will be infected with hepatitis C?
Answer: no. Because saliva contains the virus rarely.


Hepatitis C patients are not required to separate go?
A: No.. Because of hepatitis C virus will not oral infection.


Hepatitis D infection is, how?
Answer: D must have hepatitis B virus, hepatitis can assist with infection, therefore, only infected with hepatitis D in acute and chronic hepatitis B and the carrier body. Its main mode of transmission has two: prostitution and intravenous drug addiction.


Why is prostitution be infected hepatitis D?
A: According to the survey, the Taiwan region of hepatitis B infection among prostitutes, while infection of hepatitis D has a ratio of 50%, than the general population of hepatitis B carriers of 3% is much higher, so hepatitis B carriers If they have the habit of prostitution, especially those who are frequent or regular to a different place, the infection rate of hepatitis D will be high.


Why do people tend to have drug users infected with hepatitis D?
A: There are intravenous drug users who are for hepatitis B carriers, the more than 90% will also have hepatitis D. Because they often share addict and disposable needles, so that each transmission.


Hepatitis E infection is, how?
Answer: E mode of transmission of hepatitis and hepatitis A similar, but also through contaminated food and water-borne, and its regional happen often, there are often many people infected at the same time.


Taiwan has never taken place hepatitis E pandemic?
A: So far, none has such a report.